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Climatic Conditions in Italy |
| Italy has a rather variable climate although it is located at the centre of the temperate zone geographically due to the presence of the Mediterranean and the Alpine arc which forms a barrier against the cold north winds. Italy is subject to wet as well as moderate atmospheric currents from the Atlantic Ocean and dry and cold currents from Eastern Europe. Considerate climatic difference between the opposite sides of the peninsula is also caused by the Apennine chain which confronts the wet winds from the Tyrrhenian. The northern region experiences a sharp climatic difference between the winter and the summer months.
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The southern and the coastal region do not experience such a stark climatic difference. For the month of January, the mean temperature in the Po Plain fluctuates around zero while in the Alpine valleys the temperature can drop down to -20C with snow remaining on the ground for quite a number of weeks. The mean temperature for the month of January in the Southern region remains at around 10C. Throughout Italy, the mean temperature during summer rises to 24 or 25C for July.
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Due to the influence of both mountains and the prevailing winds, the rainfall distribution also varies considerably throughout Italy.The Alpine arc registers the highest rainfall (over 3,000 mm pa in the Lepontine and Julian Alps) and on the Apennines (over 3,000 mm pa in the Apuan Alps). The plains, however, receive scarce precipitation, generally less than 800 to 900 mm pa. In the southern region (such as Tavoliere and the south of Sicily), the precipitation falls below 600mm pa. The Alpine valley as well as the coastal plains of the Tyrrhenian and Sardinia also receives little rain. Generally speaking, six climatic regions can be distinguished in Italy mainly characterized by mountain influence:
An Alpine region which is strongly influenced by altitude with long cold winters and short cool summers with intense precipitation in the summer months
A Po region which has a continental climate
An Adriatic region also with a continental climate
An Apennine region also with continental characteristics
A Ligurian-Tyrrhenian region which is characterized by heavy and frequent precipitation.
A Mediterranean region which also experiences frequent precipitation.
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